The method of training in Taekwondo (1st part)

Introduction

One of the most important methodological aspects that allowed records and opposites that seemed unattainable were overcome, surprisingly, is due to the great changes that have taken the "Training Methods."

Etymologically the term comes from the Greek method "meth" meaning way, way, means to an end. Therefore could be defined as the way of interaction between the teacher and the athlete, to get the loads that will fulfill the objectives proposed.

But not enough with the full knowledge of each of the methods, if we can not properly select the different time of preparation, in relation to the objectives throughout the macro structure and close relationship with the trends of modern training , which is to link the psycho-pedagogical objectives biologics in correspondence with the competitive demands.

In this regard Dr. Armando Forteza 2002 exposes its importance, "The training methods are categorized longitudinally planned methodological systems and load planning becomes more effective as optimally formulated and Training Method".

A wide range of methods that include this category of teaching learning process, but we limit ourselves to the study of sports training methods, especially those who are taxed at special strength development in Taekwondo, based on the following general scheme.

Scheme 1. Training methods for the development of resistance.



Generally these methods are implemented with exercises that come from athletics (races), making it difficult for coaches and trainers to create a system of Taekwondo methodology with specific exercises to meet the needs of their sport.

Remember what was said by Verjoshanski, 1990, "To achieve an optimal way to bring sport and the athlete to their maximum ability to compete, there is a tendency today to use as a model of competitive activity in terms of training."

Jonathan, 1986, Special resistance defined as: "The ability to adapt to the load-bearing structures of a sport, a form of resistance in competition, is determined by the specificity of sport and level of performance."

Considering the above criteria we developed a methodological system with some of the methods shown in Scheme 1, according to the contribution that they may have in the assimilation of skills and adaptation to the effects of resistance corresponding to the specific needs of Taekwondo.

Following is a short review and explain the contents, dosage, organization, and educational psychology and biological objectives of each method selected in the proposed system.

Method remains unchanged

Review

The methods remain unchanged exercises are characterized by continuous long-term, moderate intensity and steady rhythm, you can run both cyclic and acyclic for exercises, and the energy system that meets is aerobic.

Content: Perform all technical elements dominate the athlete and want to improve. These performances can be isolated or combined according to their level of assimilation, it is advisable to execute the kick in the air first and then to the auxiliary as palchaguis.

Dosage: The exercise is performed continuously by changing the technical elements 1 to 3 minutes depending on the level of assimilation of the group. The total time must be over 10 minutes and less than 30 minutes, tying the technical elements allocated by the classic one saltillo or another shift, the intensity should be between 65 - 80% Heart Rate Reserve ( RFC) and 70% of Average Heart Rate (XRFC)

Organization: Individual, scattered throughout the area, if you use aids the organization will be scattered in pairs.



Continuous Fartlek method Leader

Review

The Fartlek, which means speed play, is premised on the teacher to constantly adjust the amount of change of pace and total exercise time, but the subject is carried out whenever they wish, some call it running and kicking for joy. In the specific case of the Taekwondo Leader Fartlek have to follow the intensity of the pair designated by the teacher (leader)

Content: The exercise consists of a pair work led by the teacher, with the only variation that will designate a partner as a leader during a certain time, which look upon interaction with its opposite, while the rest of the couples must interact simultaneously with the leading pair. The teacher will tell the rest of the athletes through the whistle when the leading pair began to interact, so that this forms the rest of the couples do not lose focus on their opponents.

Dosage: The exercise will be carried out continuously for longer than 10 minutes and less than 30, or several models are planned during the same tactical assault is not interrupted, so the intensity of work vary depending on the emotional state of each group. Despite the intensity must be moved between 65 and 85% of the RFC for an average of 78% of the XRFC.

Organization: Family, scattered throughout the area.

Figure 2. Use of Academic Taekwondo method in Boston, Massachusetts, USA





Mixed Continuous Method Standard

Review

This method is very similar to Fartlek, only rate changes are not made for joy, but it is the teacher who structures the key moments of the same, and controls the components of the load (time and distance). These tend to have different dynamics, 3-1, 2-1, 3-2, 2-3 where the first number means the unit of measurement and the second moderately intense.

Content: The exercise is based on a pair work led by Professor, unlike the previous method each planned tactical model will have two or more variants, offering the possibility that the athlete select the most suitable. Athletes looking for work the timing of the application, but to signal the teacher must often make small time kicking the breastplate of the counter as quickly as possible.

Dosage: The method is carried out continuously with a duration between 10 and 20 minutes, with changes in models of physical activity every 2 or 3 minutes, intensive intervals should be rigidly programmed, selecting fair weather between 30 and 60 seconds and intensive times between 3 and 6 seconds. The intensity will be varied by moving in a range of 70 to 90% of the RFC, for an average of 84% of the XRFC.

Organization: Family scattered throughout the area. In case of a very heterogeneous group in terms of level of preparation should be to create different groups according to the possibilities of performance, with this in mind the teacher will time intensive dosing with another beep differentiated. Example: The group will work an intensive time to whistle, slap two and three with one voice.



Mixed Continuous Variable Method

Review.

In Variable Mixed Method meets the same requirements as the previous method, only the changes are not uniformly structured, but when the teacher creates precise, so it takes the subject by surprise. One of the methods used by combat sports and sports games for its resemblance to the competition.

Content: The method remains the same as above, only the teacher's own problem situation creates competition for athletes to settle freely.

Dosage: It remains the same as the previous method, with the difference that fair weather varies between 15 and 60 either second, as well as intensive time between 3 and 6 seconds. The intensity is variable XRFC averaging 85%.

Organization: Same as above method.



Until we have described the selection and organization of continuous methods.

Bibliography

• Bedolla Alvarez, A. Psychological characterization of provincial athletes Manuel Permuy ESPA. Diploma Work in option to the degree in Culture, Havana, ISCF Manuel Fajardo, 1999.

• Bedolla Alvarez, A. Characterization of some methods of sports training in a special way as an indicator having heart rate Taekwondo Manuel Permuy provincial ESPA. Diploma work. in option to the Diploma in Biological Foundations of Athletic Training, Havana, ISCF Manuel Fajardo, 1999.

• Bedolla Alvarez, A. The speed in Taekwondo http://www.sobretaekwondo.com/preparacion-fisica/52-la-rapidez-en-el-taekwondo November 2009.

Juan Gualberto Ramos Bacallao. The methods of training and individual work areas. Institute of Physical Culture Manuel Fajardo, Havana Cuba 1996.

• Armando Forteza de la Rosa. Train to win. Spain: Ed Olympia, 1994.

• García Franco, Characterization of the resistance R special men's national team athletes Cuban Taekwondo. Thesis to qualify for the Master in Theory and Methodology of Sport Training, ISCF Havana M. Fajardo, 1996.

• Montalvo Triana. A. Creating a loading protocol to measure maximal aerobic speed of the technical structure and national youth teams. Diploma Work in option to the degree in Culture, Havana, ISCF Manuel Fajardo, 2001.

• Richard W. Bowers and Edward L Fox Sports Physiology. Pan American Medical Ed. 1995. Spain.

• Zinkin, N. V. Human Physiology. Havana, Scientific and Technical Ed. 1975.

• Zintl Fritz. Resistance Training. Ed Martinez Roca. 1991.